Turtles are ancient reptiles characterized by their distinctive bony or cartilaginous shells, which provide them with protection and support. These shells consist of an upper carapace and a lower plastron, fused to the turtle’s spine and ribcage. Turtles are known for their slow-moving nature and are found in various aquatic and terrestrial habitats worldwide. They have adapted to a wide range of environments, from freshwater ponds and rivers to oceans and deserts. Turtles are ectothermic, relying on external sources of heat to regulate their body temperature. They are primarily carnivorous or herbivorous, depending on the species, and play crucial roles in their ecosystems as both predators and prey. Despite their ancient lineage, turtles face numerous threats, including habitat loss, pollution, and exploitation for their meat, shells, and eggs, making conservation efforts essential for their survival.